Theriogenology MCQS Set 5
101. Left flank incision is the most common technique and most appropriate for:
a) Standing animals
b) Sitting animals
c) Vicious animals
d) Anaesthetized animals
Correct Answer: a) Standing animals
Explanation: The left flank laparotomy is the preferred surgical approach for Caesarean sections and rumenotomies in cattle. It is performed on the standing animal under local or regional anesthesia (like a paravertebral block) because the rumen acts as a “buffer” to keep the intestines from protruding through the incision.
102. The dissection of fetus in the uterus in termed as:
a) Fetotomy
b) Embryotomy
c) Caesarian section
d) None of the above
Correct Answer: a) Fetotomy
Explanation: Fetotomy (or embryotomy) is the veterinary procedure where a dead fetus that cannot be delivered through the birth canal (due to size or malposture) is dissected into smaller parts within the uterus to facilitate removal through the vagina.
103. For per vaginum fetal delivery the basic obstetrical procedure is:
a) Repulsion
b) Version
c) Presentation
d) Traction
Correct Answer: d) Traction
Explanation: While repulsion and version are used to correct malpositions, traction (the application of force to pull the fetus) is the basic and final procedure for delivering a fetus through the vagina once it is properly aligned.
104. In which species uterine torsion is a common problem:
a) Bovine
b) Ovine
c) Canine
d) Equine
Correct Answer: a) Bovine
Explanation: Uterine torsion (twisting of the uterus along its long axis) is a major cause of dystocia in cattle, particularly in dairy cows and buffaloes. It occurs less frequently in mares and is rare in small animals.
105. At which stage of pregnancy uterine torsion usually occurs:
a) Near parturition
b) During second trimester
c) During first trimester
d) Immediately after parturition
Correct Answer: a) Near parturition
Explanation: In cattle, uterine torsion typically occurs at the end of gestation or at the onset of the first stage of labor (parturition), when the heavy, fluid-filled uterus becomes unstable during the animal’s movements.
106. The most common fetal cause of bovine dystokia is:
a) Lateral deviation of head
b) Flexion of limb
c) Transverse presentation
d) Posterior longitudinal presentation
Correct Answer: a) Lateral deviation of head
Explanation: While limb flexions are common, lateral deviation of the head (where the head is turned back against the shoulder) is one of the most frequent and challenging fetal causes of bovine dystocia.
107. The traction can be safely applied, when:
a) Pelvis is compatible with the fetal size
b) Fetus is in transverse position
c) In ring womb condition
d) Uterus is lacerated
Correct Answer: a) Pelvis is compatible with the fetal size
Explanation: Traction should only be applied if there is enough space (pelvic compatibility) for the fetus to pass. Applying traction during a transverse presentation or a “ring womb” (undilated cervix) can cause severe maternal trauma or uterine rupture.
108. During handling bovine dystokia for per vaginal fetal delivery, the first step should be:
a) Correct mal-presentation
b) Apply traction
c) Fetotomy
d) Caesarian section
Correct Answer: a) Correct mal-presentation
Explanation: Before any attempt at delivery (traction), the obstetrician must first perform mutation, which includes the correction of any mal-presentation, position, or posture to ensure the fetus is aligned with the birth canal.
109. Which is the most commonly injured nerve during fetal traction in bovine dystokia:
a) Obturator nerve
b) Sciatic nerve
c) Pudendal nerve
d) Coccygeal nerve
Correct Answer: a) Obturator nerve
Explanation: The obturator nerve runs along the medial surface of the shaft of the ilium. Excessive pressure or traction during the passage of a large fetus can crush this nerve, leading to “calving paralysis” where the cow cannot adduct her hind legs.
110. Wry neck is more common condition in:
a) Equine
b) Bovine
c) Canine
d) Ovine
Correct Answer: a) Equine
Explanation: Wry neck (torticollis) is a congenital musculoskeletal deformity characterized by a permanent lateral deviation of the head and neck. It is significantly more common in foals (equine) than in other domestic species.
111. High incidence of repeat breeding from 25-35 days after service in a cattle herd is commonly due to:
a. Brucellosis
b. Campylobacteriosis
c. Trichomoniasis
d. Salmonellosis
Correct Answer: c. Trichomoniasis
Explanation: Trichomoniasis is a venereal disease that typically causes early embryonic death, resulting in cows returning to estrus at irregular, delayed intervals (25–35 days or longer) rather than the standard 21 days.
112. For controlling Campylobacteriosis in a cattle herd:
a. Use Campylobacteriosis free bulls for service
b. Use bulls vaccinated against Campylobacteriosis
c. Use only A.I.
d. Check every cow before service
Correct Answer: c. Use only A.I.
Explanation: Because Campylobacteriosis (Vibriosis) is a venereal disease spread by natural service, the most effective way to eliminate transmission is to switch entirely to Artificial Insemination (A.I.) using antibiotic-treated semen.
113. Occurrence of abortions with retention of fetal membrane quite commonly in a herd is an indication of:
a. Brucellosis
b. Campylobacteriosis
c. Trichomoniasis
d. Leptospirosis
Correct Answer: a. Brucellosis
Explanation: Brucellosis (contagious abortion) is characterized by late-term abortions (usually after the 5th month) accompanied by severe placentitis and retained fetal membranes (RFM).
114. Breeding bulls get Trichomonas infection by:
a. Ingestion of infected feed
b. Drinking contaminated water
c. Infected bulls residing in the same shed
d. Serving an infected cow
Correct Answer: d. Serving an infected cow
Explanation: Tritrichomonas foetus is an obligate venereal pathogen. Bulls almost exclusively acquire the infection by mating with an infected cow, where the protozoa then colonize the mucosal folds of the penis and prepuce.
115. Inflammation of testis is called as:
a. Salpingitis
b. Stomatitis
c. Orchitis
d. None of the above
Correct Answer: c. Orchitis
Explanation: Orchitis is the medical term for inflammation of the testes. Salpingitis is inflammation of the fallopian tubes, and stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth.
116. Salpingitis is the disease of the:
a. Ovaries
b. Uterus
c. Cervix
d. Fallopian Tubes
Correct Answer: d. Fallopian Tubes
Explanation: Salpingitis refers specifically to the inflammation of the fallopian tubes (oviducts), which often leads to infertility due to tubal blockage.
117. Genital prolapse before parturition is also called as:
a. Vagino-cervical
b. Uterine
c. Rectal
d. Preputial
Correct Answer: a. Vagino-cervical
Explanation: Prolapse occurring before calving (pre-partum) usually involves the vagina and sometimes the cervix; this is called a vagino-cervical prolapse. Uterine prolapse, by contrast, occurs almost exclusively after parturition.
[Image comparing vaginal and uterine prolapse in a cow]
118. A 12 years old pregnant cow… bloody discharge… during 7th month what you will expect:
a. A mummified fetus on rectal palpation
b. Large amount of fluid being a case of hydro-allantois
c. Prominent amniotic sac with fluctuating fluid being a case of hydro-amnion
d. A case of brucellosis
Correct Answer: d. A case of brucellosis
Explanation: Bloody/dirty discharge and late-term abortion (7th month) in a herd environment is a classic clinical presentation for Brucellosis. Hydro-allantois/amnion usually presents with extreme abdominal distension rather than bloody discharge.
119. A high milk producing cow… remarkable long estrus… interval of each 16 days… did not conceive… diagnosis?
a. Cystic corpora lutea
b. Endometritis
c. Follicular cyst
d. Ovarian carcinoma
Correct Answer: c. Follicular cyst
Explanation: High-yielding cows are prone to follicular cysts. These cysts produce continuous or frequent high levels of estrogen, leading to irregular, short estrous cycles (nymphomania) and copious mucus discharge.
120. A steer-like heifer… complete an-estrus, small vulvar lips… genital tract underdeveloped. Diagnosis?
a. Homozygous twin born
b. Atrophy of the genital tract
c. Hypoplasia of ovaries
d. Endometritis
Correct Answer: c. Hypoplasia of ovaries
Explanation: A “steer-like” appearance (lack of feminine characteristics) and an underdeveloped tract in a heifer are typical signs of ovarian hypoplasia. This prevents the secretion of estrogen needed for the development of secondary sex characteristics and the uterus.
121. Epidural anesthesia is best performed by injecting drug between:
a. 3rd and 4th sacral vertebrae
b. Lumbo-sacral space
c. Sacro-coccygeal space
d. Sacro-sciatic space
Correct Answer: c. Sacro-coccygeal space
Explanation: In cattle, the most common site for caudal epidural anesthesia (to stop straining during dystocia or prolapse) is the sacro-coccygeal space ($\text{S}5-\text{Co}1$) or the first intercoccygeal space ($\text{Co}1-\text{Co}2$).
122. The Chromosome Number (2N) in domestic cattle (Bos indicus) is:
a. 64
b. 60
c. 64
d. 58
Correct Answer: b. 60
Explanation: The diploid chromosome number ($2N$) for both Bos taurus and Bos indicus (domestic cattle) is 60.
123. In artificial insemination in cattle, the semen is deposited in:
a. Vagina
b. Vestibule
c. External os
d. Body of uterus
Correct Answer: d. Body of uterus
Explanation: For the highest conception rates in artificial insemination, the semen should be deposited just through the cervix into the body of the uterus. This bypasses the cervical barrier.
124. A flow cytometric procedure has been developed to:
a. Evaluate the motility of spermatozoa
b. Evaluate the structural integrity of sperm chromatin
c. Assess the mass activity
d. Separate X and Y chromosome sperms
Correct Answer: d. Separate X and Y chromosome sperms
Explanation: Flow cytometry is the technology used in the production of sexed semen. It sorts sperm based on DNA content, as the X chromosome contains more DNA than the Y chromosome.
125. In bovine embryo transfer, it is the transfer from donor to the recipient of:
a. Unfertilized ovum and insemination of recipient
b. Fertilized egg
c. 3 month old fetus
d. Primary oocyte
Correct Answer: b. Fertilized egg
Explanation: Embryo transfer involves the collection of fertilized eggs (usually at the morula or blastocyst stage, 7 days post-insemination) from a superior donor cow and transferring them into the uterus of a synchronized recipient cow.