Theriogenology MCQS Set 4
76. The spermatozoa get ability to move in the
a) The tubuli recti
b) Vas efferens
c) Vas deferens
d) The epididymis
Correct Answer: d) The epididymis
Explanation: While spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules, they are immotile when they leave the testes. They acquire the capacity for progressive motility and the ability to fertilize an oocyte during their transit through the epididymis, specifically in the corpus (body) and cauda (tail) regions.
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77. The normal osmotic pressure of seminal plasma is
a) 265 milliosmoles
b) 285 milliosmoles
c) 385 milliosmoles
d) All the statements are incorrect
Correct Answer: b) 285 milliosmoles
Explanation: The osmotic pressure of seminal plasma is generally isotonic to blood plasma, which is approximately 280-300 milliosmoles. Maintaining this osmotic balance is critical for sperm survival during processing and cryopreservation.
78. Leydig cells produce
a) Estrogen
b) Testosterone
c) FSH
d) Large quantities of inhibin
Correct Answer: b) Testosterone
Explanation: Leydig cells (interstitial cells), located in the connective tissue between seminiferous tubules, produce testosterone in response to Luteinizing Hormone (LH). This testosterone is vital for spermatogenesis and male secondary sexual characteristics.
79. The bulk of the testis consists of
a) Seminiferous tubules
b) Interstitial cells
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
Correct Answer: a) Seminiferous tubules
Explanation: Approximately 80-90% of the testicular mass is composed of the highly coiled seminiferous tubules, where the actual process of spermatogenesis takes place.
80. Which function is affected in cryptorchid testis
a) Sperm production
b) Hormone production
c) Libido
d) Secondary sexual characters
Correct Answer: a) Sperm production
Explanation: In a cryptorchid (undescended) testis, the higher internal body temperature inhibits sperm production (spermatogenesis), leading to infertility. However, Leydig cells still produce testosterone, so libido and secondary sexual characters usually remain normal.
81. Which of the following hormone is mainly responsible for libido in the male?
a) Estrogen
b) Testosterone
c) Progesterone
d) None of the above
Correct Answer: b) Testosterone
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary androgen responsible for maintaining libido (sexual drive) and the associated mating behaviors in male animals.
82. In males, LH receptors are found on the
a. Spermatogonia
b. Sertoli cells
c. Interstitial cells of the testis
d. Connective tissue cells in the testis
Correct Answer: c. Interstitial cells of the testis
Explanation: LH acts specifically on the Interstitial cells (Leydig cells) to stimulate the production of androgens. FSH, conversely, acts on the Sertoli cells.
83. In the male LH is also known as:
a. ICSH
b. STH
c. TSH
d. None of the above
Correct Answer: a. ICSH
Explanation: In the male, LH is frequently called Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) because its primary target is the interstitial cells of Leydig.
84. Chemically, testosterone is a
a. Glycoprotein
b. Polypeptide
c. Fatty acid
d. Steroid
Correct Answer: d. Steroid
Explanation: Testosterone is a steroid hormone derived from cholesterol. It is lipophilic and acts via intracellular receptors to modulate gene expression.
85. Which of the following compound is a precursor of steroids?
a. Serotonin
b. Cholesterol
c. Epinephrine
d. Insulin
Correct Answer: b. Cholesterol
Explanation: Cholesterol is the fundamental precursor for all steroid hormones, including progesterone, estrogens, and androgens (testosterone).
86. Clinically, based on the severity, endometritis is classified into:
a. Two degrees
b. Three degrees
c. Four degrees
d. None of the above
Correct Answer: b. Three degrees
Explanation: In clinical veterinary practice, endometritis is often categorized into three degrees based on the nature of the discharge and the extent of changes in the uterine mucosa.
87. The termination of pregnancy with the expulsion of a fetus of recognizable size before it is viable is called
a. Evacuation
b. Evisceration
c. Stillbirth
d. Abortion
Correct Answer: d. Abortion
Explanation: Abortion is defined as the expulsion of the fetus before it is capable of independent life (viable). If the fetus is born dead but at full term, it is called a stillbirth.
88. In cattle, eCG is used for
a. Treatment of follicular cyst
b. Treatment of luteal cyst
c. Treatment of cystic corpus luteum
d. Multiple follicular growth
Correct Answer: d. Multiple follicular growth
Explanation: Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG), formerly known as PMSG, has potent FSH-like activity in cattle. It is used to stimulate multiple follicular growth for superovulation protocols.
89. hCG in veterinary practice is used for
a. Multiple ovulation
b. Delaying the ovulation time
c. Treatment of cystic ovaries
d. Treatment of uterine prolapse
Correct Answer: c. Treatment of cystic ovaries
Explanation: Because hCG acts like LH, it is used to induce luteinization or ovulation of cystic follicles (follicular cysts) in cows.
90. When a cow has a cystic CL on the ovary, her estrus cycle will be
a. Shortened
b. Prolonged
c. Normal
d. Cease
Correct Answer: c. Normal
Explanation: A cystic Corpus Luteum (a CL with a fluid-filled center) is generally considered a physiological variation. In most cases, it produces sufficient progesterone and does not alter the normal 21-day cycle.
91. The best time of using LH as a treatment of follicular cyst is
a) Before the commencement of estrus
b) During estrus
c) During met estrus
d) Just after A.I.
Correct Answer: b) During estrus
Explanation: Treatment of a follicular cyst with LH (or hCG) is most effective when the animal is showing signs of estrus or nymphomania, as this is when the cystic structure is most responsive to the luteinizing signal.
92. The dosage of antimicrobial drugs is not a fixed entity; the dose may be determined by
a. Weight of animal
b. Stage of disease
c. Intake of drug by animal
d. Rate of excretion of drug
Correct Answer: a. Weight of animal
Explanation: Pharmacologically, the primary determinant for a standard drug dose is the body weight of the animal (e.g., mg/kg), which ensures therapeutic plasma concentrations.
93. Many drugs are poorly absorbed from the gut such as cephalosporin, polymixins, aminoglycoside and tetracycline one of the best route is
a) Oral
b) I/V
c) S/C
d) None of the above
Correct Answer: b) I/V
Explanation: Drugs that are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (low oral bioavailability) must be given parenterally. Intravenous (I/V) administration provides immediate systemic availability.
94. The incidence of follicular cyst is associated with
a) High milk production
b) Non genetic basis
c) Poor nutrition
d) Season of year
Correct Answer: a) High milk production
Explanation: Follicular cysts are most frequently seen in high-yielding dairy cows during early lactation, likely due to the metabolic stress and hormonal imbalances associated with high milk production.
95. In cattle, Persistent CL is mostly present due to
a) Embryonic loss before implantation
b) Pyometra
c) Use of PGF2α
d) Regular estrus cycle
Correct Answer: b) Pyometra
Explanation: In pyometra, the presence of pus in the uterus prevents the release of the luteolytic signal ($PGF_{2\alpha}$). This leads to a persistent Corpus Luteum, which keeps the animal out of heat.
96. Prolapse of vagina is differentiated from uterine prolapse by the presence of
a) Cotyledons over averted part
b) No cotyledons over averted part
c) Occurrence is not possible after parturition
d) None of the above
Correct Answer: b) No cotyledons over averted part
Explanation: Uterine prolapse is easily identified by the presence of button-like cotyledons on the exposed mucosal surface. A vaginal prolapse has a smooth mucosal surface with no cotyledons.
[Image comparing bovine vaginal prolapse and uterine prolapse]
97. A Freemartin heifer is born
a) Single
b) As co-twin female
c) As co-twin female + male
d) As hermaphrodite
Correct Answer: c) As co-twin female + male
Explanation: A Freemartin occurs when a female calf is born as a twin to a male. Shared blood circulation in utero exposes the female to male hormones (AMH and testosterone), causing irreversible masculinization of her reproductive tract and infertility.
98. Oophoritis is a disease of
a) Testes
b) Spermatic cord
c) Ovary
d) Fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: c) Ovary
Explanation: Oophoritis is the medical term for inflammation of the ovary.
99. Which is the most commonly used instrument to relieve foetal dystokia from the following
a) Krey’s hook
b) William’s long blunt hook
c) William’s sharp pointed hook
d) De-torsion rod
Correct Answer: a) Krey’s hook
Explanation: The Krey-Schöttler double hook is a standard obstetric tool used to gain traction on a fetus (usually dead) during a dystocia to facilitate delivery.
100. A four years old bitch has been mated with a fertile dog, developed enlargement of abdomen looking pregnant. If she does not deliver after full term what could the possibility?
a) Normal pregnancy
b) Pseudo-pregnancy
c) Cystic ovaries
d) None of above
Correct Answer: b) Pseudo-pregnancy
Explanation: Pseudo-pregnancy (false pregnancy) is common in bitches. Following an infertile mating or even a normal cycle, high progesterone followed by prolactin can cause the bitch to exhibit all signs of pregnancy, including abdominal enlargement and mammary development, despite the absence of a fetus.