Surgery MCQs
1. Which one of the following is not a cause of fracture in animals:
a) Tuberculosis b) Rickets c) Osteomalacia d) Alkalosis
Correct Answer: d) Alkalosis
Explanation: Pathological fractures are caused by diseases that weaken bone structure, such as Tuberculosis (bone infection), Rickets (Vitamin D deficiency in young animals), and Osteomalacia (bone softening in adults). Alkalosis is an acid-base imbalance and does not directly cause bone fractures.
2. The fracture is called as compound one if:
a) The bone is broken into two pieces b) The bone is broken into more than two pieces c) Fractured bone is exposed to external environment d) Along-with bone there is also damage to muscles
Correct Answer: c) Fractured bone is exposed to external environment
Explanation: A compound (or open) fracture occurs when the broken bone pierces the skin or is exposed to the outside through a wound. This is a surgical emergency due to the high risk of infection (osteomyelitis).
3. Which one of the following is most commonly seen fracture type in young animals?
a) Depression fracture b) Fissure fracture c) Avulsion fracture d) Green stick fracture
Correct Answer: d) Green stick fracture
Explanation: In young animals, the bones are more pliable and the periosteum is thick. A green stick fracture occurs when the bone bends and cracks only on one side, similar to breaking a “green” piece of wood.
4. Which one of the following is not a sign of fracture:
a) Crepitus b) Swelling c) Star gazing d) Abnormal mobility
Correct Answer: c) Star gazing
Explanation: Star gazing (opisthotonus) is a neurological sign often associated with Vitamin B1 deficiency or lead poisoning. Classic signs of fracture include crepitus (grating sound), swelling, and abnormal mobility of the limb.
5. Traction in fracture treatment is used to:
a) To reduce the fracture b) Fix the fracture c) Stable the fracture d) Promote healing
Correct Answer: a) To reduce the fracture
Explanation: Traction involves pulling the distal part of the fractured limb to align the bone fragments. This process of bringing the bones back into their normal anatomical position is called reduction.
6. Traction in treatment of fracture is applied to produce:
a) Muscle Spasm b) Muscle atrophy c) Muscle fatigue d) Muscle dystrophy
Correct Answer: c) Muscle fatigue
Explanation: Following a fracture, muscles often undergo intense spasms that override the bone ends. Continuous traction is applied to cause muscle fatigue, which relaxes the muscles and allows the surgeon to pull the bone segments back into alignment.
7. Which one of the following is most common complication of self-healing fractures?
a) Mal-union b) Non-union c) Osteomyelitis d) Delayed union
Correct Answer: a) Mal-union
Explanation: If a fracture is left to heal on its own without proper stabilization, the bones often fuse in an incorrect anatomical position. This is termed mal-union and results in deformity or lameness.
8. Which one of the following is also called as fibrous union?
a) Delayed union b) Non-union c) Mal-union d) Osteomyelitis
Correct Answer: b) Non-union
Explanation: Non-union occurs when the bone ends fail to fuse with new bone. Instead, the gap is filled with fibrous tissue (pseudoarthrosis), leading to a permanent “false joint” that lacks stability.
9. Fracture healing rate in young animals is:
a) Same as in older animals b) Greater than older animals c) Slower than older animals d) Sometimes slower and sometimes greater
Correct Answer: b) Greater than older animals
Explanation: Young animals have a highly active periosteum, a richer blood supply to the bones, and a high metabolic rate, all of which contribute to a significantly faster healing rate compared to geriatric animals.
10. Which one of the following is not included in internal fixation of the fracture?
a) Plaster cast application b) Application of screws c) Intramedullary Pinning d) Bone plating
Correct Answer: a) Plaster cast application
Explanation: Internal fixation involves surgical intervention to place hardware directly on or in the bone (screws, pins, plates). A plaster cast is an example of external fixation.
11. The instrument use to drive pin in medullary cavity is called as:
a) Emasculator b) Grove director c) Hand chuck d) Ectropion forceps
Correct Answer: c) Hand chuck
Explanation: A Hand chuck (specifically a Jacob’s chuck) is a tool used by orthopedic surgeons to hold and manually rotate intramedullary pins into the marrow cavity of a bone.
12. Regarding the bone grafting, the bone graft that is taken from the animal of same species as that of patient is called as:
a) Homograft b) Autograft c) Xenograft d) Hetrograft
Correct Answer: a) Homograft
Explanation: A homograft (or allograft) is tissue taken from a donor of the same species. An autograft is from the same animal, and a xenograft is from a different species.
13. The average fracture healing time in healthy animals is:
a) 4-6 weeks b) 4-6 month c) 2-3 weeks d) 8-10 weeks
Correct Answer: a) 4-6 weeks
Explanation: In most small animals and healthy young livestock, the primary bony callus is usually stable enough to consider the fracture “healed” for clinical purposes within 4 to 6 weeks.
14. The ideal time for elective ovariohysterectomy in female dog is:
a) Within first week of life b) Before heat period c) After first heat period d) During estrus
Correct Answer: b) Before heat period
Explanation: Performing a spay before the first heat (estrus) significantly reduces the lifetime risk of mammary tumors and prevents the complications associated with an enlarged, vascularized uterus during the heat cycle.
15. The frequently performed surgical operation in female dogs is:
a) Spaying b) Nephrotomy c) Intestinal anastamosis d) Gastrotomy
Correct Answer: a) Spaying
Explanation: Spaying (ovariohysterectomy) is the most common elective surgery in small animal practice, performed for population control and prevention of pyometra.
16. Which of the following drug is used in splenectomy for causing shrinkage of the spleen?
a) Oxytocin b) Adrenaline c) Dexamethasone d) Atropine
Correct Answer: b) Adrenaline
Explanation: Adrenaline (epinephrine) causes the smooth muscle in the splenic capsule to contract, forcing stored blood back into the systemic circulation and shrinking the organ to make its surgical removal easier.
17. The best incision site for removing pups from uterus during cesarean section is:
a) Body of uterus b) Tip of uterine horn c) Centre of uterine horn d) Cervix
Correct Answer: a) Body of uterus
Explanation: In a dog or cat, a single incision in the body of the uterus often allows the surgeon to milk pups from both horns toward the incision, reducing the number of uterine wounds.
18. Regarding, laparotomy, midline incision:
a) Extends from umbilicus to pubis on linea alba b) Extends from umbilicus to xiphoid on linea alba c) Extends from xiphoid to pubis on linea alba d) Is made lateral to linea alba from xiphoid to pubis
Correct Answer: c) Extends from xiphoid to pubis on linea alba
Explanation: A full midline incision provides maximum exposure to the abdominal cavity by cutting through the linea alba from the xiphoid process down to the pubis.
19. Regarding, laparotomy, cranial midline incision:
a) Extends from umbilicus to pubis on linea alba b) Extends from xiphoid to umbilicus on linea alba c) Extends from xiphoid to pubis on linea alba d) Is made lateral to linea alba from xiphoid to pubis
Correct Answer: b) Extends from xiphoid to umbilicus on linea alba
Explanation: The cranial midline incision is used to access upper abdominal organs like the stomach or liver, extending from the xiphoid to the umbilicus.
20. Regarding, laparotomy, caudal midline incision:
a) Extends from umbilicus to pubis on linea alba b) Extends from umbilicus to xiphoid on linea alba c) Extends from xiphoid to pubis on linea alba d) Is made lateral to linea alba from xiphoid to pubis
Correct Answer: a) Extends from umbilicus to pubis on linea alba
Explanation: The caudal midline incision is the standard approach for bladder surgery or spaying, extending from the umbilicus down to the pubis.
21. Regarding, laparotomy, middle midline incision:
a) Extends from umbilicus to pubis on linea alba b) Extends from umbilicus to xiphoid on linea alba c) Extends cranial to umbilicus and caudally to a point midway to the pubis d) Is made lateral to linea alba from xiphoid to pubis
Correct Answer: c) Extends cranial to umbilicus and caudally to a point midway to the pubis
Explanation: A middle midline incision is centered around the umbilicus to provide localized access to the mid-abdominal viscera.
22. Regarding, laparotomy, ventral paramedian incision:
a) Extends from umbilicus to pubis on linea alba b) Extends from umbilicus to xiphoid on linea alba c) Extends from xiphoid to pubis on linea alba d) Is made lateral to linea alba from xiphoid to pubis
Correct Answer: d) Is made lateral to linea alba from xiphoid to pubis
Explanation: A paramedian incision is made parallel and lateral to the linea alba, cutting through the rectus abdominis muscle instead of the fibrous midline.
23. Regarding, laparotomy, Cranial paramedian incision:
a) Extends from umbilicus to pubis on linea alba b) Extends from umbilicus to xiphoid on linea alba c) Extends from xiphoid to pubis on linea alba d) Is made lateral to linea alba from xiphoid to umbilicus
Correct Answer: d) Is made lateral to linea alba from xiphoid to umbilicus
Explanation: This is the paramedian version of the cranial approach, used when the surgeon wants to avoid the midline while accessing the cranial abdomen.
24. Regarding, laparotomy, caudal paramedian incision:
a) Extends from umbilicus to pubis on linea alba b) Is made lateral to linea alba from umbilicus to pubis c) Is made lateral to linea alba from xiphoid to umbilicus d) Is made lateral to linea alba from xiphoid to pubis
Correct Answer: b) Is made lateral to linea alba from umbilicus to pubis
Explanation: The caudal paramedian incision is made to the side of the midline between the umbilical and pubic regions.
25. Stay sutures are applied for:
a) Closure of hollow organs b) Closure of skin c) Better handling of an organ to be operated d) Ligation of blood vessels
Correct Answer: c) Better handling of an organ to be operated
Explanation: Stay sutures are temporary sutures placed in the wall of an organ (like the bladder or stomach) to pull it toward the incision or hold it steady without the need for traumatic forceps.