Animal Breeding and Genetics (ABG) MCQS Set 4
76. Heterosis is used in ______ commercial industry
a) Milk b) Beef c) Poultry d) Sugarcane
Correct Answer: c) Poultry
Explanation: While used in all, the Poultry industry relies almost entirely on heterosis through specialized hybrid lines to produce highly efficient broilers and layers.
77. Genetics is conventionally divided into ————– areas.
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
Correct Answer: b) 3
Explanation: As noted previously, the standard divisions are Transmission, Molecular, and Population genetics.
78. Identifying the genes that affect particular characteristics is called ———.
a) Gene picking b) Transmission genetics c) Population genetics d) Molecular genetics
Correct Answer: b) Transmission genetics
Explanation: Transmission genetics is the field that works out the rules for how individual genes and traits are passed from parents to offspring.
79. The main parts of animal the cell includes ——-.
a) Nucleus and mitochondria b) DNA and gene c) Nucleus and cytoplasm d) Cell membrane and cytoplasm
Correct Answer: c) Nucleus and cytoplasm
Explanation: Structurally, the cell is defined by its nucleus containing the genetic blue-prints and the cytoplasm where cellular machinery operates.
80. Genetic diversity is increased in ———-.
a) Line breeding b) Pure breeding c) Out breeding d) Cross breeding
Correct Answer: d) Cross breeding
Explanation: Crossbreeding brings together alleles from two different breeds, significantly increasing the genetic diversity (heterozygosity) within the resulting population.*
81. Average milk production per animal in Pakistan is ———–.
a) 6.5 liter b) 3 liter c) 1.5 liter d) 7 liter
Correct Answer: b) 3 liter
Explanation: Based on national agricultural statistics, the average milk yield for local breeds in Pakistan is relatively low, estimated at approximately 3 liters per animal per day.
82. A gene is simply a fractional segment on the ——– thread.
a) RNA and DNA b) DNA c) Chromosome d) Cytoplasm
Correct Answer: b) DNA
Explanation: Physically, a gene is a specific, functional segment of the much longer DNA molecule.
83. Animal genome is fixed at the stage of ———-.
a) Birth b) Fertilization c) At 5 months of gestation d) At 8 months of gestation
Correct Answer: b) Fertilization
Explanation: The genome (genetic makeup) of an animal is permanently established at the moment of fertilization, when the sperm and egg nuclei fuse.
84. The body cells of plants and animals contain ——- sets of linear chromosomes per nucleus.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
Correct Answer: b) 2
Explanation: Somatic (body) cells in most higher organisms are diploid, meaning they contain two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent).
85. The fungal cells contain ——- sets of linear chromosomes per nucleus.
a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) 1
Correct Answer: d) 1
Explanation: Many fungal cells (and some lower plants) spend much of their life cycle in a haploid state, containing only one set of chromosomes.
86. In cattle polled horn is a ______________ trait.
a) Quantitative b) Qualitative c) Sex related d) Both qualitative and quantitative
Correct Answer: b) Qualitative
Explanation: The presence or absence of horns (polled trait) is a qualitative trait because it is controlled by a single gene pair and falls into discrete categories.
87. Breed improvement tool is ———–.
a) Progeny record b) Selection c) Breeding d) Both b and c
Correct Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation: Selection (choosing parents) and Breeding (mating systems) are the two fundamental tools used to improve a breed’s performance.
88. Per capita meat availability in Pakistan is ———–.
a) 150 g b) 250 g c) 350 g d) 500 g
Correct Answer: a) 150 g
Explanation: This value represents a specific economic/nutritional statistic for the region. Note: Statistics vary by year, but in the context of standard exam questions, 150g is often the cited figure.
89. Shortest way of breed improvement is ————-.
a) Molecular genetics b) Animal selection and breeding c) Animal selection and culling d) Progeny testing
Correct Answer: b) Animal selection and breeding
Explanation: While molecular genetics is modern, the most direct and universally applied “shortest” way to improve a population’s productivity is through rigorous selection and systematic breeding.
90. Population genetics is the study of the
a) Natural selection b) Allele frequency distribution c) Genetic mutation d) Genetic drift
Correct Answer: b) Allele frequency distribution
Explanation: The primary focus of Population Genetics is studying the distribution and changes in allele frequencies within a population.
91. The phenotypic value of an individual is the combined effect of the genotypic value and the environmental deviation
a) P = G + E b) P = F + T c) P = M + M d) P = C + E
Correct Answer: a) P = G + E
Explanation: The standard quantitative genetics formula is P = G + E.
92. Which one is not a type of selection
a) Within family selection b) Artificial selection c) Between family selection d) Mass selection
Correct Answer: b) Artificial selection
Explanation: While artificial selection is an overarching process, it is not a “method” of selection like Mass, Within-family, or Between-family selection used in breeding programs.
93. Pure breeding is the mating of males and females
a) Of Different breed b) Of same breed c) In random manner d) All are correct
Correct Answer: b) Of same breed
Explanation: Purebreeding is the mating of unrelated (or distantly related) individuals within the same registered breed.*
94. In purebreeding, there may be also special schemes called… ……………
a) Cross breeding b) Inbreeding and linebreeding c) Inbreeding depression d) Genetic diversity
Correct Answer: b) Inbreeding and linebreeding
Explanation: Within a purebreeding system, breeders may use inbreeding or linebreeding to fix specific desirable traits.
95. Crossbreeding offers two primary advantages…
a) Inbreeding expression and natural selection b) Breed complementarity and heterosis c) Genetic drift and shift d) Inbreeding depression and inbreeding
Correct Answer: b) Breed complementarity and heterosis
Explanation: As established, heterosis and complementarity are the two biological drivers that make crossbreeding advantageous.
96. Heterosis is also called
a) Gene mutation b) Lethal gene transfer c) Hybrid vigour d) Breed complementarity
Correct Answer: c) Hybrid vigour
Explanation: Heterosis is synonymous with hybrid vigour.
97. Which one is not a type of cross breeding
a) Two-breed cross b) Two breed rotational cross c) Three breed rotational cross d) Line breeding
Correct Answer: d) Line breeding
Explanation: Linebreeding is a form of inbreeding within a single breed, not a crossbreeding method between different breeds.*
98. Heterosis and breed complementarity can be nearly maximized
a) Two-breed cross b) Static terminal sire c) Three breed rotational cross d) Line breeding
Correct Answer: c) Three breed rotational cross
Explanation: A three-breed rotational cross maintains high levels of heterosis (approx. 86% of F1 levels) across generations and allows for significant breed complementarity.
99. Which one results in least heterosis?
a) Two-breed cross b) Static terminal sire c) Three breed rotational cross d) Line breeding
Correct Answer: d) Line breeding
Explanation: Linebreeding actually reduces heterozygosity (increases inbreeding), thus it results in the least (or zero) heterosis.*
100. Genetics studies
a) How living organisms inherit features from their ancestors b) Reproductive system of the animals and humans c) Structure and function of different organs d) Role of lethal genes in producing disease
Correct Answer: a) How living organisms inherit features from their ancestors
Explanation: This is the broad, fundamental definition of Genetics.