Animal Breeding and Genetics (ABG) MCQS Set 2
26. Selection and____________are tools of improvement.
a) Breeding b) Environment c) Genes d) Phenotype
Correct Answer: a) Breeding
Explanation: In animal science, Selection (choosing which animals become parents) and Breeding (the systems used to mate them) are the two primary tools for genetic improvement.
27. _______________is the brain of cell.
a) Nucleus b) Gene c) Plastids d) Chromosome
Correct Answer: a) Nucleus
Explanation: The Nucleus is often called the “brain” of the cell because it houses the genetic material and coordinates cell activities like growth and reproduction.
28. ______________are the determiners of heredity.
a) Genes b) Chromosomes c) Nucleus d) DNA
Correct Answer: a) Genes
Explanation: Genes are the specific entities that act as the determiners of heredity, carrying traits from one generation to the next.*
29. Chromosomes are present in ………………
a) Nucleus b) Genes c) Breeding d) Mitochondria
Correct Answer: a) Nucleus
Explanation: In eukaryotic cells, the bulk of the genetic material is organized into chromosomes located inside the nucleus.
30. Hybrid vigor is also called ……………..
a) Heterosis b) Gene c) Breeding d) Selection
Correct Answer: a) Heterosis
Explanation: Heterosis is the scientific term for hybrid vigor, which is the tendency of a crossbred individual to show qualities superior to those of both parents.*
31. Four basic systems of breeding, Select the best answer
a) Gregor Mendel b) Holandric Inheritance c) Linebreeding, Mass selection d) Inbreeding, crossbreeding, linebreeding, and outcrossing
Correct Answer: d) Inbreeding, crossbreeding, linebreeding, and outcrossing
Explanation: These four represent the major systems used in animal breeding to manipulate the relationship between parents and the resulting heterozygosity/homozygosity of offspring.
32. Breeding an animal to a common ancestor; not as closely related as inbreeding. Select the best answer
a) Inbreeding b) Heterozygous c) Sex-linked d) Linebreeding
Correct Answer: d) Linebreeding
Explanation: Linebreeding focuses on maintaining a high relationship to a specific, admired ancestor while keeping the overall inbreeding coefficient relatively low.*
33. Recombination rates are not additive because of
a) Insertions and deletions in DNA b) Parental types c) Hot spots d) Crossover interference
Correct Answer: d) Crossover interference
34. Selection is defined as
a) Natural, random culling of animals b) Non-random pairing of mating individuals c) An act of God d) Choosing sires for use on a group of females
Correct Answer: d) Choosing sires for use on a group of females
Explanation: In the context of animal breeding, Selection is the deliberate process of choosing specific individuals (usually superior sires) to contribute their genes to the next generation.
35. The alternate forms of a gene on homologous chromosomes are called
a) Loci b) Alleles c) Homozygotes d) Tetrads
Correct Answer: b) Alleles
Explanation: Alleles are the different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.*
36. Number of chromosomes in sheep is ……. and …… in goat.
a) 54 60 b) 50 64 c) 52 62 d) 27 30
Correct Answer: a) 54 60
Explanation: Sheep have 54 chromosomes (2n=54), whereas goats have 60 chromosomes (2n=60). This is why they generally cannot produce fertile hybrids.
37. ………… tells about dominance and recessive trait in a population.
a) Gene frequency b) Gene pool c) Genetic parameters d) Performance record
Correct Answer: a) Gene frequency
Explanation: Gene frequency (or allele frequency) describes how common a specific dominant or recessive allele is within a given population.*
38. Gene’s determiners of heredity are carried on …………..
a) DNA b) Nucleus c) Chromosome d) Nucleotide
Correct Answer: c) Chromosome
Explanation: Genes are physically located on chromosomes, which are the structures that carry genetic information during cell division.
39. Cross breeding is commonly done using following schemes except.
a) Two breed cross. b) Two breed terminal cross c) Three breed rotational cross d) Static terminal sire
Correct Answer: d) Static terminal sire
Explanation: While a “terminal sire” is used in crossbreeding, a “static” sire doesn’t refer to a standard breeding scheme. Options a, b, and c are well-defined crossbreeding systems.
40. Outbreeding is the mating of male and female from unrelated family in ………….
a) Same breed b) Two breeds c) Three breeds d) Same family
Correct Answer: a) Same breed
Explanation: Outbreeding (or outcrossing) specifically refers to mating unrelated individuals within the same breed to reduce inbreeding levels.*
41. Number of autosomes present in poultry is……………….
a) 78 b) 76 c) 72 d) 80
Correct Answer: b) 76
Explanation: Poultry (chickens) have a total of 78 chromosomes (2n=78). Since there are 2 sex chromosomes, there are 76 autosomes.
42. Study of how living organism inherits features from their ancestor is,
a) Breeding b) Genetics c) Transmission Genetics d) Phenotype
Correct Answer: b) Genetics
Explanation: Genetics is the overarching study of how traits are passed from ancestors to descendants.*
43. Transmission genetics is concerned with identifying the ______ that affect a particular characteristics
a) Alleles b) Heredity Character c) Gene d) Phenotype
Correct Answer: c) Gene
Explanation: Transmission genetics focuses on the mechanisms by which individual genes are passed from parents to offspring.*
44. The total genetic complement of a cell is,
a) Gene b) Phenotype c) Alleles d) Genotype
Correct Answer: d) Genotype
Explanation: The Genotype is the specific genetic makeup or complement of an individual cell or organism.
45. The outward expression of the _____ is called phenotype.
a) Heredity b) Genome c) Genotype d) Genetics
Correct Answer: c) Genotype
Explanation: The phenotype is the observable physical or physiological outward expression resulting from an individual’s genotype.
46. Smallest unit of Inheritance,
a) Allele b) Karyotype c) Gene d) Chromosome
Correct Answer: c) Gene
Explanation: The Gene is the most basic, smallest physical unit capable of transmitting an inherited characteristic.
47. __________ express them in two ways a) additive b) non-additive
a) Chromosome b) Allele c) Gene d) Phenotype
Correct Answer: c) Gene
Explanation: Genes contribute to traits in additive (cumulative effect of multiple genes) or non-additive (dominance and epistasis) ways.*
48. Continuous variation is explained by
a) Inheritance b) Molecular Genetics c) Population Genetics d) Polygene
Correct Answer: d) Polygene
Explanation: Polygenic inheritance (many genes affecting one trait) explains continuous variation, such as height or milk yield, where there is a smooth range of phenotypes.*
49. _______ focuses on the structure and function of the genetics units.
a) Population genetics b) Transmission Genetics c) Molecular genetics d) Inbreeding
Correct Answer: c) Molecular genetics
Explanation: Molecular genetics deals with the chemical structure and biological function of DNA, RNA, and genes at the molecular level.*
50. Each chromosome contains a _____ length of a threadlike chemical called DNA.
a) 60mm b) 65mm c) 52mm d) 50mm
Correct Answer: d) 50mm
Explanation: Standard biological models state that an average single chromosome consists of a single DNA molecule approximately 50mm long when fully uncoiled.