Anatomy MCQS Set 4
76. Lips and teeth are absent in birds and replaced by
a) Ramphotheca b) Tomium c) Egg tooth
Correct Answer: (a) Ramphotheca
Explanation: The absence of lips and true teeth in birds is compensated for by the beak, which is covered by a horny sheath called the Ramphotheca (or rhamphotheca).
77. The dorsal part of beak in birds is called
a) Tomium b) Culmen c) Egg tooth d) None of above
Correct Answer: (b) Culmen
Explanation: The Culmen is the term for the dorsal ridge or contour of the upper beak in birds.
78. On the rostral part of the Culmen in newly hatched chick is a small pointed process.
a) Egg Shell b) Egg Tooth c) Tomium d) None of above
Correct Answer: (b) Egg Tooth
Explanation: The Egg Tooth is a small, temporary, hardened projection on the tip of the upper beak of a newly hatched chick used to break through the shell. It falls off shortly after hatching.
79. In birds the following structure is absent
a) Hard palate b) Pharynx c) Soft palate d) Diaphragm
Correct Answer: (d) Diaphragm
Explanation: Birds lack a muscular diaphragm like mammals. Respiration relies on the movement of the sternum and ribs to compress and expand the body cavity.
80. The mucous membrane of the palate bears following epithelium in birds
a) Stratified Squamous b) Simple squamous c) Stratified Squamous keratinized
Correct Answer: (c) Stratified Squamous keratinized
Explanation: The oral cavity and pharynx of birds, including the palate, are lined by a protective, friction-resistant layer of Stratified Squamous Keratinized epithelium.
81. The skeleton of tongue in birds is formed by
a. Hyoid bone b. Jugal bar c. Entoglossal
Correct Answer: (a) Hyoid bone
Explanation: The structural support (skeleton) for the tongue in birds is provided by the cartilaginous and bony framework of the Hyoid bone (or hyoid apparatus).
82. There are following no. of salivary glands in birds
a) 6 b) 4 c) 8 d) 2
Correct Answer: (b) 4
Explanation: Birds generally have four major paired salivary glands: sublingual, mandibular, palatine, and angular/zygomatic.
83. The following part of esophagus is shorter in birds
a. Cervical b. Thoracic c. Pharyngeal
Correct Answer: (c) Pharyngeal
Explanation: *The pharyngeal (rostral) part of the esophagus is very short, leading quickly into the long cervical (neck) part.
84. The internal lining of esophagus in birds is
a. Stratified Squamous epithelium b. Stratified Squamous keratinized c. Simple Squamous
Correct Answer: (b) Stratified Squamous keratinized
Explanation: The esophagus lining in birds is Stratified Squamous Keratinized epithelium to withstand the abrasion of rapidly swallowed, dry food.
85. The glandular stomach of birds is also called
a) Crop b) Gizzard c) Proventriculus
Correct Answer: (c) Proventriculus
Explanation: The Proventriculus is the spindle-shaped glandular stomach of birds, responsible for chemical digestion by secreting hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen.
86. The glandular stomach of birds has a length of
a) 3cm b) 5cm c) 2cm
Correct Answer: (a) 3cm
Explanation: In domestic poultry like the chicken, the proventriculus is relatively short, usually measuring around 3 cm.
87. Shape of muscular stomach in birds is like a
a) Convex lens b) Concave lens c) Biconvex lens
Correct Answer: (c) Biconvex lens
Explanation: The muscular stomach (Gizzard), which functions in mechanical grinding, has a characteristic shape resembling a thick, flattened biconvex lens.
88. The walls of Gizzard are lined by
a) Simple Columnar b) Simple Squamous c) Stratified Columnar
Correct Answer: (a) Simple Columnar
Explanation: The gizzard walls are lined by a specialized Simple Columnar epithelium that secretes a hard, protective keratin-like layer called the koilin layer (or cuticle) on its internal surface.
89. Jejunum in birds is attached with
a) Peritoneum b) Mesentery c) Duodenum
Correct Answer: (b) Mesentery
Explanation: The Jejunum and ileum of the small intestine are suspended from the dorsal body wall by a double fold of peritoneum known as the Mesentery.
90. A short blind remnant of the yolk sac in birds is called
a) Egg tooth b) Yolk c) Meckles diverticulum
Correct Answer: (c) Meckles diverticulum
Explanation: The Meckel’s diverticulum (or vitelline diverticulum) is a small, blind-ending pouch located where the jejunum meets the ileum, representing the remnant of the fetal yolk sac.
91. In birds there are following number of Ceaca
a. 1 b. 2 c) 3
Correct Answer: (b) 2
Explanation: Birds (especially chickens) typically have two long, paired ceaca that open into the junction of the small and large intestines.
92. The Gall bladder in birds lies in following lobe of liver.
a) Right lobe b) Left lobe c) None of above
Correct Answer: (a) Right lobe
Explanation: The Gall bladder in birds is usually located in a depression or fissure on the visceral surface of the Right lobe of the liver.
93. The endocrine portion of pancreas in birds is
a) Beta Cells b) Islets of langerhans c) Alpha Cells
Correct Answer: (b) Islets of langerhans
Explanation: The endocrine portion of the pancreas in all vertebrates, including birds, is composed of microscopic clusters of hormone-secreting cells called the Islets of Langerhans (which contain Alpha, Beta, and Delta cells).
94. In birds the nostrils are bounded dorsally by
a) Operculum b) Hairs c) Upper beak
Correct Answer: (a) Operculum
Explanation: The external nares (nostrils) in many birds, especially poultry, are partially covered or bounded dorsally by a small, movable, protective flap of skin called the Operculum.
95. The voice box of birds is called
a) Syrinx b) Larynx c) Pharynx
Correct Answer: (a) Syrinx
Explanation: The sound-producing organ (voice box) in birds is the Syrinx, located at the junction of the trachea and bronchi. The larynx, located higher up, serves only for breathing regulation.
96. In birds following number of cartilages are present in birds
a) 55 b) 126 c) 106
Correct Answer: (c) 106
Explanation: This number is highly specific and variable across species, but the trachea of a domestic fowl is estimated to have approximately 106 cartilaginous rings.
97. The lungs of birds has length of
a) 5 cm b) 4 cm c) 7 cm
Correct Answer: (a) 5 cm
Explanation: The paired lungs in the domestic fowl are small, dense, and non-distensible. Their approximate length is typically given as around 5 cm.
98. There are following no. of air sacs in birds
a) 8 b) 9 c) 10
Correct Answer: (b) 9
Explanation: *The avian respiratory system typically includes nine main air sacs (four paired and one unpaired): cervical (2), clavicular (1, unpaired or fused), cranial thoracic (2), caudal thoracic (2), and abdominal (2).
99. The following air sac is single in birds
a) Cervical b) Axillary c) Clavicular
Correct Answer: (c) Clavicular
Explanation: The Clavicular air sac (or interclavicular air sac) is generally the only single (unpaired) air sac, often located just cranial to the sternum, although it may have many extensions.
100. The birds can fly due to
a) Light weight b) Pneumatic bones c) Wings
Correct Answer: (b) Pneumatic bones
Explanation: While flight requires a combination of factors (light weight, wings, powerful muscles, etc.), the term Pneumatic bones specifically refers to the bones that contain extensions of the air sacs, making them extremely light and contributing significantly to the reduction of overall body mass essential for flight.