Anatomy MCQs Set 3
51. Calcanean tendon is present:
a) Hind limb b) Fore limb c) Neck region d) None of the above
Correct Answer: (a) Hind limb
Explanation: The Calcanean tendon (often called the Achilles tendon in humans, or common calcanean tendon in animals) is located at the hock and attaches muscles to the tuber calcanei of the hind limb.
52. Kidneys are bean shaped in:
a) Goat b) Dog c) Both a & b d) None of the above
Correct Answer: (c) Both a & b
Explanation: The kidneys of both the goat and the dog (as well as the horse and cat) are typically described as being bean-shaped (or kidney-shaped/reniform).
53. Liver of horse has lobes:
a) 3 lobes b) 4 lobes c) 5 lobes d) None of the above
Correct Answer: (b) 4 lobes
Explanation: The liver of the horse typically has four lobes (left lobe, quadrate lobe, right lobe, and caudate lobe) but lacks the prominent fissures seen in carnivores and often appears massive and relatively undivided.
54. Ulna is a reduced bone in:
a) All the animals b) Horse c) Dog d) Chicken
Correct Answer: (b) Horse
Explanation: The ulna is highly reduced and fused distally with the radius in the horse (and other ungulates like the ox), meaning it is not a complete, weight-bearing bone along its length.
55. Scapular cartilage is not present in:
a) Goat b) Horse c) Chicken d) None of the above
Correct Answer: (c) Chicken
Explanation: The prominent scapular cartilage (or scapular fibrous cartilage) that extends the dorsal border of the bony scapula is characteristic of large mammals like the horse and goat. The pectoral girdle bones in the chicken (Aves) are adapted for flight and do not have this structure.
56. Greater trochanter is present on:
a) Tarsal b) Metatarsal c) Humerus d) Femur
Correct Answer: (d) Femur
Explanation: The Greater trochanter is a large, non-articular projection found exclusively on the proximal end of the femur (thigh bone), serving as a major attachment site for gluteal muscles.
57. Muscle attaches with the bone with the help of:
a) Ligament b) Aponeurosis c) Tendon d) Both b & c
Correct Answer: (d) Both b & c
Explanation: A muscle attaches to a bone primarily through a tendon (a cord-like structure) or, in the case of flat muscles, a flat sheet called an aponeurosis. Therefore, both (c) and (b) are correct means of attachment.
58. Digastricus muscle has:
a) One belly b) Two bellies c) Three bellies d) None of the above
Correct Answer: (b) Two bellies
Explanation: The Digastricus muscle is named for having two bellies (or parts)—a rostral and a caudal belly—separated by an intermediate tendon. It functions to open the mouth.
59. Popliteus muscle is present on:
a) Radius b) Ulna c) Tibia d) Femur
Correct Answer: (c) Tibia
Explanation: The Popliteus muscle is a short, deep muscle located at the stifle (knee) joint that originates on the femur and inserts on the proximal part of the tibia, functioning to rotate the leg inward.
60. Longest muscle in the body of horse is
a) Semimembronosis b) Brachiocephalicos c) Longissimus dorsi d) Semitendoinosis
Correct Answer: (c) Longissimus dorsi
Explanation: The Longissimus dorsi is one of the most substantial and longest muscles, extending along the dorsal vertebral column from the sacrum to the cervical vertebrae and skull. It is a major component of the back musculature.
61. The chicken belongs to family
a) Meleagridae b) Phasianidae c) Anatidae
Correct Answer: (b) Phasianidae
Explanation: The domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) belongs to the genus Gallus, which is part of the family Phasianidae (pheasants and partridges).
62. The upper jaw of birds is movable due to
a) Quadrate bone b) Frontal bone c) Jugal bar
Correct Answer: (a) Quadrate bone
Explanation: The upper jaw (maxilla) of birds is movable (a process called kinesis) due to the flexible articulation between the skull and the quadrate bone, which transmits forces from the jaw muscles to the beak.
63. The following number of bones form the lower jaw in birds
a) 3 b) 5 c) 7
Correct Answer: (b) 5
Explanation: In birds, the lower jaw (mandible) is formed by the fusion of typically five distinct bones on each side: articular, supra-angular, dentary, splenial, and angular.
64. The fused thoracic vertebrae in birds are called
a) Synsacrum b) Notarium c) Sternum
Correct Answer: (b) Notarium
Explanation: The first few thoracic vertebrae in birds are often fused into a single rigid structure called the Notarium (or dorsal mass), which provides a stable platform for the pectoral girdle and reduces flexibility during flight.
65. In birds there are following number of cervical vertebrae
a) 7 b) 14 c) 16
Correct Answer: (b) 14
Explanation: Birds have a highly flexible neck with a variable number of vertebrae, but the domestic chicken (and many other avian species) typically has around 14 cervical vertebrae (often ranging from 11 to 25).
66. The rib cage in birds is rigid due to
a) Head of rib b) Tubercle c) Uncinate process
Correct Answer: (c) Uncinate process
Explanation: The rib cage in birds is made rigid and strong, which is vital for respiration and providing a stable flight base, primarily by the overlapping, backward-projecting hooks called uncinate processes on the ribs.
67. The sternum of birds is also called as
a) Keel b) Furcula c) Manubrium
Correct Answer: (a) Keel
Explanation: The large, prominent ventral extension of the sternum in flying birds, which serves as the attachment site for the powerful flight muscles, is known as the Keel or Carina.
68. The pectoral girdle is formed by following bones in birds
a) 3 b) 5 c) 7
Correct Answer: (a) 3
Explanation: The pectoral girdle (shoulder apparatus) in birds is formed by three bones on each side: the scapula, the coracoid, and the clavicle (which fuse to form the furcula).
69. The robust bone of pectoral girdle in birds is
a) Coracoid b) Clavicle c) Furcula
Correct Answer: (a) Coracoid
Explanation: The coracoid is the most robust bone of the pectoral girdle in birds, functioning like a strut that braces the wing against the sternum during the powerful downstroke of flight.
70. The largest wing bone in birds is
a) Humerus b) Scapula c) Carpometacarpal
Correct Answer: (a) Humerus
Explanation: The humerus is the bone of the upper arm and is typically the largest and strongest single bone in the bird’s wing.
71. The Carpometacarpal bone in birds is formed by
a) 2 bones b) 3 bones c) 4 bones
Correct Answer: (b) 3 bones
Explanation: The carpometacarpus is a compound bone formed by the fusion of three metacarpal bones and several carpal bones, providing a rigid distal anchor for the primary flight feathers.
72. The largest bone of pelvic limb in birds is
a) Oscoxae b) Femur c) Tibiotarsus
Correct Answer: (c) Tibiotarsus
Explanation: The Tibiotarsus is a large compound bone formed by the fusion of the tibia with proximal tarsal bones. It is typically the largest bone of the avian pelvic limb, forming the main bone of the drumstick.
73. The os-coxae of birds have following number of foramina
a) 2 b) 1 c) 3
Correct Answer: (c) 3
Explanation: The os-coxae (hip bone) of birds has a highly fused and extensive structure. Key openings include the acetabulum (hip socket), the obturator foramen, and the ischio-pubic foramen, for a total of three major openings.
74. There are following number of celomic cavities in birds
a. 4 b. 6 c. 8
Correct Answer: (c) 8
Explanation: Due to the unique structure of their respiratory system and the extensive presence of air sacs (which are extensions of the lungs), the avian trunk coelom (body cavity) is typically considered to be divided into eight interconnected celomic cavities by specialized serous membranes.
75. The following structure is absent in birds
a) Diaphragm b) Pleura c) Pleural cavities
Correct Answer: (a) Diaphragm
Explanation: Birds lack a muscular diaphragm like that found in mammals. Respiration is instead achieved by the expansion and compression of the body cavity via intercostal and abdominal muscles, which moves the rigid rib cage and sternum.