76. Which of the following types of epithelium comprises the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule?
(A) Pseudostratified columnar (B) Simple columnar (C) Simple cuboidal (0) Simple squamous (E) Stratified cuboidal (F) Stratified squamous (C) Transitional
Correct Answer: (D) Simple squamous
The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule is composed of a single layer of flattened cells, characteristic of simple squamous epithelium. The visceral layer, in contrast, is made of podocytes.
77. Which of the following types of epithelium lines the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle’s.
(A) Pseudostratifled columnar (8) Simple columnar (C) Simple cuboidal (0) Simple squamous (E) Stratified cuboidal (F) Stratified squamous (C) Transitional
Correct Answer: (C) Simple cuboidal
The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. These cells are rich in mitochondria to support the active transport of ions (reabsorption).
78. Which of the following types of epithelium lines the prostatic urethra?
(A) Pseudostratifled columnar (B) Simple columnar (C) Simple cuboidal (U) Simple squamous (E) Stratified cuboidal (F) Stratified squamous (C) Transitional
Correct Answer: (G) Transitional
The prostatic urethra (the upper part of the male urethra) is typically lined by transitional epithelium (urothelium), the same type found in the bladder, allowing for distention.
79. Which of the following types of epithelium lines the thin loop of Henle?
(A) Pseudostratifled columnar (B) Simple columnar (C) Simple cuboidal (D) Simple squamous (E) Stratified cuboidal (F) Stratified squamous (G) Transitional
Correct Answer: (D) Simple squamous
The thin loop of Henle (both descending and ascending parts) is lined by very thin, flat cells, characteristic of simple squamous epithelium. This structure facilitates passive diffusion and water permeability.
80. Which of the following types of epithelium lines the proximal convoluted tubule?
(A) Pseudostratified columnar (B) Simple columnar (C) Simple cuboidal (D) Simple squamous (E) Stratified cuboidal (F) Stratified squamous (C) Transitional
Correct Answer: (C) Simple cuboidal
The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the primary site of reabsorption, is lined by tall, plump simple cuboidal epithelium cells. They possess an extensive apical brush border (microvilli) and numerous mitochondria to support active transport.
81. Lingual papillae with gustatory function are
a) Lenticular and conical b) Fungiform and vallate c) Foliate only d) Filiform and fungiform e) Fungiform, vallate and foliate
Correct Answer: (E) Fungiform, vallate and foliate
The three types of lingual papillae in humans and many animals that contain taste buds (gustatory function) are Fungiform, Vallate (or circumvallate), and Foliate papillae.
82. All but one do not contain taste buds
a) Hard palate b) Soft palate c) Epiglottis d) Vallate papillae e) Foliate papillae
Correct Answer: (A) Hard palate
While taste buds are concentrated on the tongue’s papillae (Vallate, Foliate, Fungiform), they are also found elsewhere in the oral cavity and pharynx, including the soft palate and epiglottis. The hard palate does not typically contain taste buds.
83. How many cell types are present in taste buds
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 e) None of above
Correct Answer: (C) 4
Taste buds typically contain four main cell types: Type I (Sustentacular/Glial-like), Type II (Receptor/Sensor), Type III (Presynaptic/Sour Sensor), and Basal cells (progenitor cells).
84. Chemoreceptors of taste buds are present in
a) Type-I cells b) Type-II cells c) Type-III cells d) Both i and ii e) Both ii and iii
Correct Answer: (E) Both ii and iii
Both Type II cells (for sweet, bitter, and umami tastes) and Type III cells (presynaptic cells, primarily for sour taste) are considered chemoreceptors or sensory cells responsible for detecting taste molecules.
85. Life span of sustentacular cells is
a) 5days b) 7days c) 10days d) 12days e) 15days
Correct Answer: (C) 10days
The various non-basal cells within a taste bud, including the gustatory receptor cells (Types II and III) and the Type I (sustentacular) cells, are continually replaced, with a turnover rate (life span) of approximately 10 days.
86. Sustentacular role in taste buds is performed by
a) Type-I cells b) Type-II cells c) Type-III cells d) Both i and ii e) Both ii and iii
Correct Answer: (A) Type-I cells
Type I cells are often called sustentacular or glial-like cells, as their primary role is to provide support for the sensory Type II and Type III cells.
87. Lyssa of tongue in cats is mainly comprised of
a) Skeletal muscles b) Smooth muscles c) White adipose tissue d) Brown adipose tissue e) Both i and ii
Correct Answer: (E) Both i and ii
The Lyssa is a cartilaginous or fibrous cord found under the tongue of carnivores. In cats (and dogs), it contains a mixture of skeletal muscle and smooth muscle fibers, along with connective tissue.
88. How much minerals are present in the teeth dentin
a) 40% b) 50% c) 60% d) 70% e) 80%
Correct Answer: (D) 70%
Dentin is composed of approximately 70% inorganic mineral (hydroxyapatite), 20% organic material (primarily collagen), and 10% water. This makes it less mineralized than enamel (96%) but more mineralized than bone.
89. All are minor salivary glands except one, that is
a) Labial salivary gland b) Lingual salivary gland c) Buccal salivary gland d) Parotid salivary gland e) Zygomatic salivary gland
Correct Answer: (D) Parotid salivary gland
The Parotid salivary gland, along with the Submandibular and Sublingual glands, is classified as a major salivary gland. The others listed (Labial, Lingual, Buccal, Zygomatic) are typically classified as minor salivary glands.
90. Striated ducts in sub-lingual salivary glands are not present in
a) Horse b) Ox c) Dog d) Sheep e) Goat
Correct Answer: (A) Horse
The extent of striated ducts varies significantly among species in the sub-lingual salivary glands. In the horse, these ducts are generally considered absent or extremely sparse compared to ruminants and other domestic species.
91. Stratum granulosum of ruminal mucosal epithelium has a thickness of
a) 1-5 cell layers b) 2-3 cell layers c) 3-4 cell layers d) 1-3 cell layers e) 2-4 cell layers
Correct Answer: (D) 1-3 cell layers
The ruminal mucosal epithelium is a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. Its stratum granulosum (granular layer) is relatively thin, typically consisting of 1 to 3 cell layers.
92. Zygomatic salivary glands are only present only in
a) Horse b) Ox c) Dog d) Sheep e) Goat
Correct Answer: (C) Dog
The Zygomatic salivary gland is a minor salivary gland found in the orbit. It is a distinct structure typically present only in carnivores, such as the dog and cat.
93. None but one contain the molar salivary glands
a) Dog b) Cat c) Ox d) Horse e) Pig
Correct Answer: (B) Cat
The term molar salivary glands (buccal) is often used to describe minor salivary glands located near the molars. They are particularly prominent in cats and other carnivores, where they are large compared to other species.
94. Esophageal epithelium in non-keratinized stratified epithelium in case of
a) Dog b) Cat c) Ox d) Horse e) Pig
Correct Answer: (E) Pig
The lining of the esophagus is stratified squamous epithelium. In carnivores (Dog, Cat) and ruminants (Ox, Horse), it is usually keratinized to protect against abrasion. In the pig and humans, the epithelium is typically non-keratinized.
95. Lamina muscularis is absent in the cranial oesophageal part in
a) Horse b) Ox c) Dog d) Cat e) Pig
Correct Answer: (D) Cat
The lamina muscularis (a thin layer of smooth muscle separating the mucosa from the submucosa) is generally present throughout the esophagus in most species, but it is characteristically absent in the cranial (cervical) portion of the esophagus in the cat.
96. Gastric glands are of which type
a) Straight tubular glands b) Branched tubular glands c) Simple alveolar glands d) Simple coiled tubular glands e) Tubulo-acinar glands
Correct Answer: (A) Straight tubular glands
The primary secretory structures in the stomach mucosa (fundic and pyloric regions) are the gastric glands, which are classically described as simple straight tubular glands (or sometimes branched tubular glands, depending on the region/species).
97. Most numerous cell type in gastric glands is
Mucous neck cells a) Parietal cells b) Endocrine cells c) Chief cells d) Goblet cells
Correct Answer: (C) Chief cells
Chief cells (or zymogenic cells), which produce pepsinogen and gastric lipase, are the most numerous cell type in the fundic (or proper) gastric glands. They are primarily located in the lower half of the gland.
98. Stratum corneum of gastric mucosal epithelium has a thickness of
a) 1-5 cell layers b) 5-10 cell layers c) 10-20 cell layers d) 2-10 cell layers e) 1-20 cell layers
Correct Answer: (A) 1-5 cell layers
Assuming this question refers to the forestomach of a ruminant (like the rumen or reticulum), which has a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, the stratum corneum (keratinized layer) typically varies but is often described as being around 1 to 5 cell layers thick, though it can be highly variable.
99. Shape of the cells of stratum spinosum is
a) Oval b) Cuboidal c) Stellate d) Polyhedral e) Irregular
Correct Answer: (D) Polyhedral
The cells in the stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer) of stratified epithelia are often described as having a polyhedral (many-sided) or cuboidal shape. This appearance results from their numerous desmosomal attachments (prickles) that hold them together.
100. Plica circularis are the circularly disposed mucosal folds present in
a) Rumen b) Reticulum c) Abomasum d) Small intestine e) Large intestine
Correct Answer: (D) Small intestine
Plicae circulares (also known as valves of Kerckring) are large, permanent, circular folds of the mucosa and submucosa that project into the lumen of the small intestine. They serve to increase the surface area for absorption.